The Behavioral Aspects Of Personality Essay - 1650 Words

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Language And Cultural Practice Among Latina Youth Gangs By...

California has one of the largest Hispanic populations in the country alongside some of the wealthiest neighborhoods in the US and poorest immigrant neighborhoods, but overall the demographic is very diverse socioeconomically as well as racially. The this environment has bred a very specific immigrant experience for Latino and Latinas and from it a very unique Latinx-American youth culture has emerged. Like most immigrant communities in America, there is a merging of the culture of origin with the typical aspects of American culture. For these Latinx-American youth in California nearly every aspect of their life is a fusion of two perspectives and informed by two cultures. Being brought up in California, specifically South Central Los Angeles, I witnessed first-hand the lifestyle and culture of these Latinx-American youth. Many settings in the city I grew up in were predominated by Latino and Latinas, many being Mexican and often I was immersed in the culture, at some point even speaking Spanish with my friends and peers. I came across a book entitled Homegirls: Language and Cultural Practice among Latina Youth Gangs by Norma Mendoza-Denton (2008), which closely examined the very environment that I had seen so closely throughout my childhood and adolescence. Mendoza’s studies began in the mid-1990s, lasted for 2 years, and finished around 1998. Her subjects were the Latina and Latino students at Sor Juana High School in San Francisco Bay Area county of Northern California.

Marketing Plan free essay sample

Our Product line will generally fall to Fruit Jams or Spread. b. Geographic area? Which areas? Passi City and nearby Municipalities like Calinog, Dumarao, Duenas, San Enrique. Since our product is not yet that famous, we will first target nearby towns and municipalities surrounding Passi City. c. Sales? Because our product is new to the market and we are still trying to market it, we are at least expecting 50 bottles a day which we will target sales of 1,500 Bottles per month. This is a rough estimate based on our assumptions and study. d. Industry? Our target industries are Food and Manufacturing Industry B. Business Competition 1. Who are our business competitors? Our main competitors are Branded Fruit Jams which they include Pineapple Jam. Yet their product is not that competitive among our target market. Examples are: SO PINEAPPLE FRUIT JAM FRUIT GARDER JAM TAJ AGRO PRODUCTS (Pineapple Jam) This Pineapple Jams are made by famous and huge companies which have already placed their product in the market competitively. Financial Objectives Sakae Sushi aims to achieve the profit of 30 million by 31 December, 2008. 1. 4Marketing Objectives We hope to build Sakae Sushi into a global brand, and so we have to be everywhere on the globe. † said by Douglas Foo, owner of Sakae Sushi, Singapores largest sushi chain.Analysis, the firms identifies and evaluates its most significant strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. To fulfill its mission, the organisation needs to capitalise on its key strengths, overcome or alleviate its major weaknesses, avoid significant threats, and take advantage of promising opportunities. (Etzel, Walker and Stanton, 2007) The SWOT analysis provides information that is help in matching the firm resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates. As such, it is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. (http://www. quickmba. com/strategy/swot/) 2. 1 Strengths A firm are its resources and capabilities that can be used as a basis for developing a Competitive advantage. Brand name A brand is a name and/or mark intended to identify the product of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate the product from competing products. A brand name consists of words, letters, and/or numbers that can be vocalised. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Brand identification has certain advantages. It enables the seller to build a consumer following and identify a given level of quality with a product. It facilitates differentiating a product from competitors’. (Davis, 1985) Sakae sushi is a global brand. It has grown into a global chain of more than 50 outlets throughout Asia and beyond. The Sakae frog symbolises a brand that is far sighted and poised to grow by leaps and bounds. Its smile indicates a friendly company, welcoming all. Its Asian heritage is reflected through the lower body of the frog that is reminiscent of a Chinese gold ingot, and a bowl filled with rice. The frog’s head and belly also symbolises the number â€Å"8† that is an auspicious number. (http://www. apexpal. com/brands. html) Why Sakae Sushi choose the green colour? Green is the colour of nature, life, its the most restful colour. Green symbolizes self-respect and well being. Green is the colour of balance. It also means learning, growth and harmony. Green is favored by well balanced people. Green symbolizes the life force. It often symbolizes money. People should eat raw green foods for good health. (http://www. crystal-cure. com/green. html) 2. 1. 2 Quality Food and Services In particular, buyers are looking for consistencies of product or service quality so that end products are reliable. (David Jobber, 1998) At present, most of people want to eat health food, because it benefit for their health. Sakae Sushi use fresh food and its rice is enriched with vitamin E for added health benefit. So it will attract many customers. Sakae Sushi service is also special, it use computer system to take order, this can save time for customers and it also can improve efficiency. For the service convenience, each table is equipped with its own hot water tap so that people can have freshly steeped green tea any time they want. 2. 2 Weaknesses Weaknesses are attributes of the organisation that are harmful to the achievement of the objective. (http://www. bookrags. com/wiki/SWOT_analysis) 2. 2. 1 It does not advertise Advertising is one of todays hottest fields in marketing. Description or presentation of a product, idea, or organisation, in order to induce individuals to buy, support, or approve of it. (http://www. investorwords. com/129/advertising. html) Sakae Sushi does not place great emphasis on advertisements. Alternately, they are considered to be non-aggressive in their promotional companies. Obviously, compared to other sushi shops propaganda is not enough. The following qualities about the disadvantages of not advertising can be noted. One of them is that the customers can not receive the new messages immediately. The Sakae Sushi motives for purchasing the products will not be publicly understood. Second is about the pervasiveness. Advertising is pervasive medium that permits the seller to repeat a message many times. It also allows the buyer to receive and compare the messages of various competitors. (Kotler, 2000) 2. 2. 2 High operational costs A company’s cost take two forms, fixed and variable. Fixed cost is a company must pay bills each month for rent, heat, interest, salaries, and so on. (Kotler, 2000) Firstly, as Sakae Sushi offers its customer with fresh food, so if the food cannot sold today, it will cannot sold tomorrow, the cost of materials are too high. On the other hand, some food air transports from Japan or other areas, following the disadvantage is high freight commitment. The limitation to it pricing strategy and it could not attract all of it intended target customers. Secondly, the shops which located in shopping centre, these rentals cost rather more than many in the suburbs. Thirdly, high-quality food needs of the high-tech cooks, relative to the payment of their salaries more and more than the same industry. 2. 2. 3 Lack of diversified product Sakae Sushi has a diversified range of Japanese food. However, the income of the firm is still heavily dependent upon its share of the Japanese food market. This may leave it vulnerable if for any reason its market share erodes. 2. 3 Opportunities Opportunity is an area of need and interest in which there is a high probability that a company can profitably satisfy that need. (Kotler, Keller, 2006) 2. 3. 1 Expand the unexploited market Sakae Sushi has the opportunity to expand its global operations. New markets for Japanese cuisine such as North Korea and South Africa are beginning to emerge. Sakae also has the opportunity to expand the teenager market. Because its price is not very high, and it located in shopping centre. And teenagers are always like to try new things. So it will easy to access these customers. 2. 3. 2 Innovation An innovation is any good, service, or idea that is perceived by someone as new. ( Kotler, Keller, 2006) Over the years Sakae Sushi has exhibited the ability to innovate to distinguish them from their competition. It adopted a simple two-tier price structure for their sushi to provide customers with a hassle-free way of keeping track of their bills. It also use sushi rice enriched with Vitamin E instead of the usual vinegared rice. It also can innovative new product, such as a variety of desserts. This process of innovation can generates interest among customers to go there. 2. 4 Threats Any factor in the market, external to the marketing organisation, which has the potential to negatively impact demand for the marketers product or service. (http://www. answers. com/topic/environmental-threat) 2. 4. 1 Emergence of Substitute Product At present, many similar Japanese Restaurants have established in Singapore, and they set its price is very lower, and they promote their product use different ways. Such as when you consume $100, you can enjoy 40% discount, or buy two get one free. Customer always sensitive to the price, they will compare Sakae Sushi’s price with other restaurants, if these restaurants have similar product, but price is lower, then customer will shift to other restaurant. Consumer price sensitivity is a potential external threat to Sakae Sushi. 2. 4. 2 Market Entrant As Sakae Sushi in a highly competitive market, so it has lower barriers to entry. Many enterprisers who want to enter the sushi restaurant business can get a loan, lease a building and start serving the sushi without too much trouble. Such situation causes Sakae will face many competitors, these new firm entry the market will cause sushi’s price to decrease, and Sakae will not make high profit in the future. 3. 0Segmentation/Target market Target market is a group of customers (people or organisations) for whom a seller designs a particular marketing mix. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Sakae Sushi adopts mass-market strategy and product differentiation strategy. Mass-market refers to treatment of the market as a homogenous group and offering the same marketing mix to all customers. (http://www. netmba. com/marketing/market/segmentation/) Product differentiation, one firm distinguishes its product from competitive brands offered to the same aggregate market. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Sakae offers varied of Japanese food including sushi set, Udon, Soup and Sashimi. Although these would be the same with other Japanese restaurants, but it set conveyor belt, use colourful plate and offers fresh food. These can distinguish its product from competitors. 3. 1 Age group According to market intelligence, the catering industry manufacturers, the most common form of market segmentation is the demographic factors as the basis for other factors. In demographic variables, used age was the most common application. Sakae Sushi’s target market would be range to 15-64 years old. According to the population statistics Singapore, the sex ration of the aged 15-64 years is males 1,000 per females 979. So the males are 1,326,340 and the females are 1,318,060. So Sakae will be targetting both male and female with a total population of 2,664,400. (http://www. singstat. gov. sg/stats/keyind. html) 4. 0 Marketing Mix Marketing mix is the combination of a product, where and when it is distributed, how it is promoted, and its price. Together, these four components of strategy must satisfy the needs of the target market(s) and, at the same time, achieve the organisation’s marketing objectives. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) 4. 1 Product A product is a set of tangible and intangible attributes, which may include packaging, color, price, quality, and brand, plus the seller’s services and reputation. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) 4. 1. 1 The product life cycle A product life cycle consists of the aggregate demand over an extended period of time for all brands comprising a generic product category. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Maturity: during the first part of the maturity stage, sales continue to increase, but at a decreasing rate. When sales level off, profits of both producers and middle men decline. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Seeking to differentiate themselves, some firms extend their product lines with new modes; others come up with a â€Å"new and improved† version of their primary brand. During this stage, the pressure is greatest on those brands that trail the #1 and #2 brands. During the latter part of this stage, marginal producers, those with high costs or no differential advantages, drop out of the market. Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Sakae during the maturity stage of its life cycle it designs new promotion. Such as for members they can consume $30 and get $20 worth of vouchers. It also modified their services by adding self service hot water then customers can have freshly steeped tea anytime they want with its unique piped in hot water system that is fitted to every table. 4. 1. 2 Packaging Packaging consists of all the activities of designing and producing the container or wrapper for a product. . (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Packaging can protect the product on its way to the consumer; protect the product line after it is purchased; help persuade middlemen to accept the product and help persuade consumers to buy the product. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Sakae use colourful plates going for merely S$1. 99 and premium red plates at S$4. 99, it also have the frog logo in it 4. 1. 3 Branding A brand is a name and/or mark intended to identify the product of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate the product from competing products. A brand name consists of words, letters, and/or numbers that can be vocalised. Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Brand identification has certain advantages. It enables the seller to build a consumer following and identify a given level of quality with a product. It facilitates differentiating a product from competitors’. (Davis, 1985) The Sakae frog symbolises a brand that is far sighted and poised to grow by leaps and bounds. Its smile indicates a friendly company, welcoming all. Its Asian heritage is reflected through the lower body of the frog that is reminiscent of a Chinese gold ingot, and a bowl filled with rice. The frog’s head and belly also symbolises the number â€Å"8† that is an auspicious number. (http://www. apexpal. com/brands. html) Why Sakae Sushi choose the green colour? Green is the colour of nature, life, its the most restful colour. Green symbolizes self-respect and well being. Green is the colour of balance. It also means learning, growth and harmony. Green is favored by well balanced people. Green symbolizes the life force. It often symbolizes money. People should eat raw green foods for good health. (http://www. crystal-cure. com/green. html) 4. 2 Price Price is the amount of money and/or other items with utility needed to acquire a product. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) 4. 2. 1 Seasonal discount A manufacturer of goods purchased on a seasonal basis may consider granting a seasonal discount. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Sakae gives to a customer 10%-20% discount during the slack season. Such as set lunch only $8. 9 each person, and for student only $8. 4. 2. 2 Flexible-Price Under a flexible–price strategy, also called a variable-price strategy, similar customers may pay different prices when buying identical quantities of a product. Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Sakae Sushi has the buffet promotion, different time could attracting different types of customers. During lunch, teatime and dinner, every child only costs $9. 90. The different is that for youth and senior citizen, they could give a low price $13. 90 during lunch and teatime, until to dinner have a higher price $15. 90. This is the same situation to the adult. 4. 3 Place A distribution channel consists of the set of people and firms involved in the transfer of title to a product as the product moves from producer to ultimate consumer or consumer or business user. Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) 4. 3. 1 Selective Distribution Selective distribution, a producer sells its product through multiple, but not all possible, wholesalers and retailers in a market where a consumer might reasonably look for it. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) The advantage of choose selective distribution are: first, if the company choose intensive distribution there have a high cost on it; another, a firm move toward more selective distribution to enhance the image of its products, strengthen consumer service, improve quality control, and maintain some influence over its prices. Sakae sushi choose selective distribution. With 33 outlets in Singapore the stores are located in shopping centre or near MRT station, such as Plaza Singapore, Bugis Junction and Vivio City. Sakae choose shopping centre and MRT station as their distribution channel as there have a large number of population, it can easy to access its target customer. And if it choose intensive distribution, such as 7-11 or NTUC, then its quality of product will drop, because it cannot offer fresh food and these markets are very small, it cannot access its target audience as much as possible. Franchise system Franchising is a method of doing business wherein a franchisor authorises proven methods of doing business to a franchisee for a fee and a percentage of sales or profits. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Franchising) Buying a franchise can offer protection to a prospective new retail store or to an independent store that faces stiff competition from chains. The benefit include: Franchisees can use the parent company’s well-known trade name, which should help attract customers; Various forms of management assistance, such as technical, management training and promotion programs. These are provide to franchisees prior to as well as after opening the business. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Sakae has been opened more than 50 outlets in the world. Join sakae as a franchise it will provide guidelines on site selection. The construction team will visit the site that have been selected, assess the location, before working on the design and layout of the outlet. The outlet will be renovated and furnished so that it is ready for operation. 4. 4 Promotion Promotion is the element in an organisation’s marketing mix that serves to inform, persuade, and remind the market of a product and/or the organisation selling it in the hope of influencing the recipients’ feelings, beliefs, or behaviour. (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) 4. 4. 1 The Communication Process in Promotion A feature of a free-market system is the right to use communication as a tool to persuade as well as inform, that freedom is reflected in the promotional efforts by businesses to affect the awareness, feelings, beliefs, and behaviour of prospective customers. Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007) Sakae Sushi wants to share must first be encoded into a transmittable form, and their campaign an idea is â€Å"Good Place, Very Good Sushi† as a slogan. The company use this message of transmitted through a communication channel is the website. The current promotion is the topic about Chinese New Year. This kind of message may change in the receiver’s knowledge, beliefs, or feelings about the sushi. They are willing to try the new menus, and then the response serves as feedback. Through the feedback, Sakae Sushi can learn what a communication accomplished. . 0 Conclusion 5. 1 Contingency plan If Singapore government ban the import of seafood, Sakae will face it cannot offer the fresh seafood to customers everyday and those customers who like such as sashimi and prawn will not come here. At this time, Sakae should look for the local seafood wholesales to make sure it can offer seafood immediately, and innovate new product to attract customers. 5. 2 Evaluation In 2006, Sakae sushi’s total revenue is $30,720,000, the cost is $8,428,000, the profit is $22,292,000. In 2007, the total revenue is $38,781,000, it is increased 26. 2% than 2006, although the cost is increase to $10,694,000, but the profit is increased 26%. In 2008, its financial objectives aim to achieve the profit of $35 million. Across to 2006 and 2007 total revenue, we can found Sakae operates very well and set its financial objectives is reasonable. It use SWOT analysis to help them to know their strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats. It also use 4ps strategy to increase their sales, which of these can make Sakae to achieve its goals very easily.

The North Atlantic Run The Submarine War And The Allied Response Duri

The North Atlantic Run: The Submarine War And The Allied Response During Ww 2 The North Atlantic Run: The Submarine war and the Allied Response in the Second World War In September 1939, with the beginning of World War II, German U-boat operations got under way against allied forces; the allies responded to the U-boat threat with a number of counter measures. The combined affect of protection of ships by convoys, harassment of U-boats by airplanes, and other anti-submarine warfare measures, reduced the ability of the U-boats to cut Britain off from her suppliers in North America. In order to assess the effectiveness of the allied response, it is first necessary to look at the U-boats. In looking at the U-boats it is not only necessary to look at the various types of U-boats and their deployment, but also to look at the German's goals and the tactics that they employed in an attempt to reach those goals. The Treaty of Versailles ending world war one prohibited Germany from having any U-boats. When the treaty was changed under The Anglo-German Naval agreement, one of the things that the Germans did to rebuild their navy was to rebuild the U-boat wing. Their first U-boats were for general sea-going and coastal abilities, the U-boats first built for this purpose were types I and II. The type I had a surface speed of 17.75 knots and 8.25 knots submerged on electric engines, for armament it had 4.1 inch and 22 mm. anti-aircraft guns and six torpedoes. In comparison, the type II had speeds of 13 knots surfaced and 7 knots submerged with three torpedoes and one 20 mm. anti-aircraft gun. The type II was smaller than the type I. The Germans developed other U-boats between types III and VII, but the most popular model came with the type VII. The type VII had a displacement of 500 tons and with about 700 built, became the German's main U-boat. It was equipped with a 3.5-inch anti-aircraft gun, four bow torpedo tubes, a single stern torpedo tube, and carried 14 torpedoes; it had a surface speed of 16 knots. The Germans also built several other U-boat types, the most popular being the type IX with a displacement of 750 tons and 150 being constructed. The type IX had a 4.1-inch anti-aircraft gun, 4 bow torpedo tubes, 2 stern tubes, and carried 19 torpedoes; it had a surface speed of 17 knots. Along with these main U-boats the Germans also had 10 supply U-boats built for refueling their other U-boats to extend their range. The type XIV U-tanker had a displacement of 1688 tons and had no torpedo tubes, instead the room was used to carry 635 tons of fuel, which could be used to resupply about twelve other U-boats. A ll of these U-boats were, as with the types I and II, slower under water as they had to switch to their electric engines, their speed was thus reduced to about 6 or 7 knots. These U-boats used, or tried, several different tactics against the allies during World War II to meet their war aims, which was to attack . . . Britain's supply lines . . . for the achievement of our naval strategic aims . . . to cut her off from her suppliers in North America. Militarily, the Germans tried to use the U-boats in support of other operations. The most famous of these was the invasion of Norway in April 1940. The Germans had planned to use the U-boats to protect their landing vessels against British attack while troops were dropped of in Norway and the vessels returned to Germany. During the invasion the Germans used all the U-boats that were available, assigning them primarily defensive roles. Thirteen U- boats were used to prevent the British from interfering in the landings in Norway and another four U-boats were then used to protect German communications lines between Germany and Norway. Another thirteen were used to attack the British Home Fleet if the British decided to send them to interfere with the invasion. The use of the U-boats in the invasion was basically a failure because their torpedoes were adversely affected by the high latitude as

Free Essays on “sweat“ By Zora Neale Hurston

The short story entitled Sweat illustrated a common social problem that plagued pre-21st century America, which was domestic violence. Sweat takes shape within a middle-aged married black couple, consisting of a disgruntled man named Sykes and his hard-working wife named Delia. This was an unhappy marriage only kept together because Sykes had no means of income and had to economically depend upon his wife. Delia only stayed with Sykes because she feared him due to his physical and emotional abuse of her. A reason behind Sykes’ abuse of Delia is likely his belief that instilling fear upon Delia will keep her from leaving him. Another reason could be the fact that he is not the breadwinner of his home. Therefore, Sykes takes out his jealousy on Delia. Sykes feels that Delia’s hard work, coupled with his lack there of, threatens his masculinity. Sykes will do anything to feel more powerful than his wife, even bring home a snake, which he thinks would scare his wife into su bmission or subordination. Early in the story Sykes scares his wife by stroking her gently with a leather whip, making her think it’s a snake. Early on we can see that Delia is deathly afraid of snakes and Sykes gets his kicks and self-satisfaction from scaring his wife. This event foreshadows later events in the book that deal with snakes and fear. This event also serves as means of proof that Sykes scares his wife into submission because he is jealous of her. Another event that showed Sykes’ jealousy of Delia is when he heckles her about her job of washing clothes. â€Å"I’ve done told you time and again to keep those white folks clothes out of this house†, Sykes would say. He says this despite knowing the fact that Delia’s clothes washing was their only means of income. This is then illustrated by Delia’s comment, â€Å"My tubs of suds has filled your belly more than your own hands have. My sweat has done paid for this house you live in†. Sykes im... Free Essays on â€Å"sweatâ€Å" By Zora Neale Hurston Free Essays on â€Å"sweatâ€Å" By Zora Neale Hurston The short story entitled Sweat illustrated a common social problem that plagued pre-21st century America, which was domestic violence. Sweat takes shape within a middle-aged married black couple, consisting of a disgruntled man named Sykes and his hard-working wife named Delia. This was an unhappy marriage only kept together because Sykes had no means of income and had to economically depend upon his wife. Delia only stayed with Sykes because she feared him due to his physical and emotional abuse of her. A reason behind Sykes’ abuse of Delia is likely his belief that instilling fear upon Delia will keep her from leaving him. Another reason could be the fact that he is not the breadwinner of his home. Therefore, Sykes takes out his jealousy on Delia. Sykes feels that Delia’s hard work, coupled with his lack there of, threatens his masculinity. Sykes will do anything to feel more powerful than his wife, even bring home a snake, which he thinks would scare his wife into su bmission or subordination. Early in the story Sykes scares his wife by stroking her gently with a leather whip, making her think it’s a snake. Early on we can see that Delia is deathly afraid of snakes and Sykes gets his kicks and self-satisfaction from scaring his wife. This event foreshadows later events in the book that deal with snakes and fear. This event also serves as means of proof that Sykes scares his wife into submission because he is jealous of her. Another event that showed Sykes’ jealousy of Delia is when he heckles her about her job of washing clothes. â€Å"I’ve done told you time and again to keep those white folks clothes out of this house†, Sykes would say. He says this despite knowing the fact that Delia’s clothes washing was their only means of income. This is then illustrated by Delia’s comment, â€Å"My tubs of suds has filled your belly more than your own hands have. My sweat has done paid for this house you live in†. Sykes im...

What Are the Score Choice Policies at Ivy Leagues

What Are the Score Choice Policies at Ivy Leagues SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many students assume colleges will see every score they've earned on the SAT and ACT when they apply. However, while some top-tier schools do require your full testing histories, many don't. Some even allow score choice for the SAT, which allows you to send only the scores you want them to see, or they allow you to pick your best ACT test date. If you're aiming for a top-tier school like an Ivy League, Stanford, or MIT, read this guide to learn how they evaluate standardized tests to help you best prepare. What's in This Guide We're dividing this list of prestigious schools into two categories: colleges that require you to send all scores, and colleges that do not. We are including quotations from their admissions websites about not just their policies on multiple scores, but how they evaluate multiple test scores in general. We will also link to each school's admissions website so you can read more in-depth about their policies. We will also highlight colleges that specifically allow for College Board's Score Choice (or the ACT's similar option). Plus, we will include application tips for the two categories to help you create a smart test-taking strategy. Colleges in Guide Brown University Columbia University Cornell University Dartmouth College Duke University Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Princeton University Stanford University University of California System University of Chicago University of Pennsylvania Vanderbilt University Yale University Colleges That Require You to Send All Scores As companies that make standardized tests have made it easier to pick and choose which scores you want to send to colleges, fewer schools have required you to send all your test scores. Currently, only one of the Ivy Leagues (Yale) does. In these cases, the colleges require you to send your full testing history (sometimes called "testing record"), either for the ACT or SAT. In the past, some colleges have even required your testing history from both tests. Even though colleges often say they will "focus" on the highest score, colleges that require all scores will take each score they receive into consideration. Yale University "Applicants who have taken the SAT or ACT exam multiple times should report all scores from whichever test they choose to report. Applicants who choose to report scores from both the SAT and ACT should report all scores received on both tests....When assessing SAT results, admissions officers will focus on the highest individual section scores from all test dates. For example, if an applicant took the SAT twice, the highest Evidence-Based Reading and Writing and Math scores will be considered individually. When assessing ACT results, admissions officers focus on the highest ACT Composite from all test dates while also considering individual ACT subscores." If you take both the SAT or ACT, you can choose which test to send. But whichever test you pick, you have to send all of your scores. They will also superscore the results of whichever exam you decide to submit; however, remember that they will see all your scores, even if "officially" they only use the highest score from each section. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Strategy for "All Scores" Schools While we never recommend taking the ACT or SAT until you are confident you will get your target score- either for the first time or on a retake- you need to be especially careful about retakes if any of the above schools are top choices for you. In particular, do not take the ACT or SAT once "for practice" before studying for a higher score on a retake. These colleges will see that lower "practice score" and take it into consideration. Instead, make full-length, strictly-timed practice tests an important part of your study regimen, so you have a more confident idea of what your score will turn out to be before you take the ACT/SAT for the first time. Also, be careful about retaking the SAT/ACT with the goal of improving one of the sections. For example, if you got a low Critical Reading score the first time around on the SAT, don't exclusively study for CR before your retake. If your other scores (Math and Writing) go down by a lot, that could make for a lower composite score the second time, which doesn't look great. You should also be careful of retaking the SAT or ACT more than three times, since again, they will see every score date and it won't look good if your scores don't improve markedly. Some final bits of advice: if you're taking the SAT, take the PSAT during your sophomore year so you can get real, scored SAT practice before you take the SAT. And if you're taking the ACT, keep in mind you have the option of deleting records from a particular test date. You can't send scores that no longer exist! Colleges That Don't Require All Scores Colleges that don't require all scores to be sent often have admission policies in place in which they only consider the highest scores, either from a single test date or by superscoring. This is why they don't require all scores- because they won't consider the lowest ones anyway. Many of these colleges also accept College Board's Score Choice feature, which allows you to pick and choose which scores to send. (Read more about Score Choice here.) ACT doesn't have Score Choice, but it does allow you to pick which test date to send. You can put your best scores forward at "score choice" schools. By the way, "superscoring" means combining the best section results from different test dates to create your highest possible composite score. Many of the schools on this list superscore for the SAT, however, for the ACT, it's more common to just look at the highest composite score. Brown University "We accept Score Choice. We will super score within both current and redesigned SAT, but will not super score using results from both versions of the test. For the ACT, we consider the highest scores submitted for each section; however, we do not calculate a super scored ACT Composite score." If you take the SAT more than once, Brown will automatically consider your highest section scores (provided all scores are from either the old or the redesigned SAT), but you may also use Score Choice to decide which scores to submit. For the ACT, they will focus on the highest score for each section, but won't calculate a "superscored" composite. You can choose your best ACT test date(s) to send with that in mind. Columbia University "Applicants may select the Score Choice option for the SAT or choose to submit specific ACT composite scores....When evaluating applicants, we consider only the highest testing results reported from individual sections of the SAT or the highest composite score on the ACT." Columbia's policy is very similar to Brown's. You can use Score Choice for the SAT or pick your best ACT composite to submit. Cornell University "Note that Cornell participates in the College Board Score Choice program. For the SAT, Cornell considers the highest section scores across test dates. For the ACT, Cornell considers the highest composite score across all ACT test dates. As a reminder, ACT does not create new records by combining scores from different test dates." Cornell doesn't require you to send all scores, and it'll combine section scores of different SAT exam dates, but only composite scores from different ACT test dates, not section scores. Dartmouth College "Dartmouth does permit the use of Score Choice....We consider the highest component scores from the SAT, even if these results are from different dates. For the ACT, the committee considers the highest composite score and does not combine sub-scores from multiple test dates. We don't recommend excessive testing." Like fellow Ivies Brown and Columbia, they will look at the highest SAT sections from different dates but only the highest ACT composite. Duke University "Students who have taken multiple tests may choose which scores to send to Duke. For students who elect to send multiple test scores Duke will use whichever score is highest." For Duke, you have total control over what scores to send! And if you do send multiple scores, they will use whichever score is best. This is actually a recent change to their policy- they used to require all scores. Harvard College "You are free to use the College Board's Score Choice option or the similar option offered by ACT when applying to Harvard." Harvard doesn't say they automatically focus on the highest scores if they get more than one SAT score or ACT score. However, they do say "we do not admit by the numbers" and "we take into account your educational background when reviewing scores." This is part of holistic application review, trying to take into account the whole applicant. Still, Harvard is one of the most competitive schools in the country, so we suggest putting your best scores forward either with Score Choice or by sending your best ACT test date. MIT "Students are free to use the College Board's Score Choice option and the ACT's option to submit the scores of your choice." MIT does say that they superscore test results, so Score Choice can be a bit redundant. They even superscores across the old and new SAT, which is unusual. They superscore the ACT as well, saying that they "consider the highest score achieved in each section" for both the SAT and ACT. This means if you have taken the ACT more than once, and your best section scores are spread out between test dates, it might be more advantageous to send all your ACT dates so MIT will superscore them. Princeton University "We allow applicants to use the score choice feature of the SAT and accept only the highest composite score of the ACT, but we encourage the submission of all test scores." Like the other Ivies in this section, Princeton is fine with College Board's Score Choice and its ACT equivalent. Stanford University "We recommend that you simply self-report your highest scores in the testing section of the application. You can also have official scores sent to Stanford, but this is not required for us to review your application. If you are offered admission and choose to enroll, official scores that match your self-reported scores will be required. In order for test scores to be considered official, they must be sent directly from the College Board or the ACT." Stanford allows for Score Choice, and it also superscores for both the SAT and the ACT. University of California System "In the College Board's Score Choice module, we encourage you to send all official scores to UC. We will use the highest scores from a single administration. There is no disadvantage to submitting all scores....For the ACT with Writing test, we will focus on the highest combined score from the same test administration...For the SAT with Essay, we will focus on the highest total score from a single test date." They stop short of explicitly requiring all scores, but they make it clear they'd prefer to see all your scores. This means if you're applying to any schools in the UC system (these include Berkeley, UCLA, and UC Davis), you're encouraged to send all your scores, since lower scores won't hurt your admission chances. University of Chicago "If you have chosen to submit SAT or ACT test scores, we recommend you send us all of your test scores. Only your best testing results- your highest sub-scores and the best result of the two testing options, if you've taken both the SAT and ACT- will be considered in the review of your application. Lower test scores submitted will not be used in the review of your application." UChicago doesn't forbid Score Choice, but they do recommend you send all of your scores, since they only look at the highest ones. University of Pennsylvania "Although we permit Score Choice, we do encourage students to submit their entire testing history on both ACT and SAT exams." Much like Dartmouth and Princeton, UPenn allows you to send whichever scores you like, but prefers you send them all. It's also worth noting that they superscore for both the SAT and ACT, so you will often benefit from sending multiple scores. Vanderbilt University "Only your highest [SAT] section scores will be considered as part of the final admissions decision...We will treat ACT scores in the way as what we're describing here with the SAT Reasoning (i.e., considering only the highest composite ACT score in our final admissions decisions). The only difference between the two is that we do not "super-score" the ACT, whereas we do with the SAT Reasoning." So for the SAT, even though Vanderbilt encourages you to send all scores, they don't require it. For the ACT, they're more flexible. Since they will only look at the highest composite score, you can just submit your highest ACT composite. Strategy for Score Choice Schools Unlike the "all scores" schools, you are free to send scores from one test date for the ACT or use score choice to combine scores from multiple dates for the SAT. This means there is less pressure to get a super high composite each time you take the SAT- so if you need to, you could go into a retake aiming for a better math score and not worry too much about Critical Reading and Writing. You also don't need to stress out about only testing two or three times because you won't have to send each test date (though still, if you're studying carefully, you shouldn't have to retake the SAT or ACT more than two or three times). Basically, for the SAT, your goal should be to create the single highest composite you can, and not worry as much about some of your lower scores. However, for the ACT, it's important to note that while some schools (MIT and UChicago) will superscore the ACT, most schools are just looking at the highest overall composite. So you don't have to worry about retaking the ACT, since you only have to send your highest composite to these schools. However, it does mean each time you take the ACT, you need to study all sections to maximize your final composite (the ACT's composite is averaged, so a lower section could drag down your composite). What's Next? So how high should your SAT/ACT scores be for the Ivy League, anyway? See our guide to which scores will get you in- and which ones are too low. We also have a guide to SAT Subject Test scores for the Ivy League. Don't consider these an afterthought! Need help preparing for your retakes? Check out the best SAT and ACT prep websites you should be using. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Dubai Ports World (DP World) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dubai Ports World (DP World) - Assignment Example Like most companies, DP World seeks growth and profitability through strategic initiatives, judicious financial management, and conducting routine internal assessments of its strength and weakness and understanding the industry threats and opportunities. In addition, positioning itself where it can take advantage of new market opportunities and grow is one thing. Coming up with new ways to conduct current operations is another. Modernizing its information technology infrastructure, sustaining a commitment to community projects in which it operates, understanding the political, social, economic and technological factors that influence its business and providing a work environment that DP world supports through training and development will position DP World to take advantage of opportunities to grow and expand into new markets. Core Industry Dubai Ports World (DP World) operates in the international marine terminal business (port operations) providing development and logistics services (DP World, 2010). Specifically, the majority of DP World management is in container handling services as part of an overall strategy of managing container, bulk and terminal cargo. In addition to containers, DP World also operates general cargo, bulk cargo, Ro-Ro vessel (such as car handling), and passenger terminals. DP World also operates P&O Maritime Services, DP World Cargo Services and DP World Intermodal. According to the DP World website, P&O Maritime Services is a ``specialist provider of maritime services to industry and government`` (DP World, 2010). DP World Cargo provides stevedoring (loading and unloading) services. These services include containers, bulk, general cargo, project cargoes, car carriers, reefer vessels and passenger vessel stores and baggage handling. DP World Intermodal operates what it refers to as ``outside th e gate`` (DP World Intermodal, n.d.) services to help clients streamline their supply chains, specifically in the railway services industry. This service is more formally called Container Rail Road Services Private Limited, or CRRS for short (DP World Intermodal, n.d.). Its P&O operations are diverse and include government shipping services, cargo services, port services (including skilled crews, shore support staff and vessel maintenance), offshore specialized marine services to the offshore oil and gas industry, defence, chartering (including ship brokering and chartering for mining and bulk minerals) and agency services (including ship agency, chandlery and manning services) (P&O Maritime, n.d.). Chandlery services cover supplies and equipment. Key Substitute Products / Services According to an OAS overview (Rossignol, 2007, p. 7), companies in this strategic assessment include (with number of ports in operation, millions of TEU throughput): 1. HPH - Hutchinson Port Holdings (45, 33.2). 2. PSA – Singapore Port Authority (25, 32.4). 3. APMT - APM Terminals (40, 24.1). 4. P&O Ports (acquired by DP World). 5. DP World (42, 35.2 – when combined with P&O Ports). 6. Evergreen Marine Corp (240, 11.5). 7. Eurogate (10, 11.4). 8. COSC - China Ocean Shipping Company (34, 8.1). 9. SSA Marine (150, 6.7). 10. MSH - Mediterranean Shipping Company (215, 5.7). Global growth is a key vision for DP World and this variable could be used as one of the key strategic measures. Growth can be measured in terms of TEU units. TEU is short for twenty-foot equivalent units as this is the majority of the industry